Researchers at La Trobe University have developed a portable biosensor that may allow rapid, on-site detection of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water, potentially reducing the need for samples to be sent to specialist laboratories for analysis.
According to La Trobe University, the device is designed to detect PFAS, a large group of more than 15,000 synthetic chemicals commonly used in applications such as firefighting foams, food packaging and stain-resistant fabrics.
The university noted these substances are often referred to as “forever chemicals” because of their persistence in the environment.
The biosensor specifically targets perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), one of the most closely regulated PFAS due to concerns about its potential health impacts.
PFAS have been linked in scientific studies to a range of health risks, including cancer, although regulatory thresholds and health guidance vary across jurisdictions.
The research was led by PhD student Henry Bellette in collaboration with Dr Saimon Moraes Silva, Director of La Trobe University’s Biomedical and Environmental Sensor Technology (BEST) Research Centre. The findings have been published in the peer-reviewed journal ACS Sensors.
Bellette said existing PFAS testing methods can limit how frequently and widely water sources are monitored. “Most PFAS testing relies on expensive laboratory equipment and specialist analysis, which makes regular monitoring difficult,” he said in a statement from La Trobe University.
“This biosensor could be used on site and provides a simple yes or no result, allowing water to be screened quickly and easily.”
PFAS contamination has been identified at various locations across Australia, particularly at sites where firefighting foams were historically used, including airports, military bases and fire stations.
Researchers said managing contamination at these and other sites often requires ongoing testing to determine the extent and movement of PFAS in water and soil.
Dr Moraes Silva said portable screening tools could support long-term monitoring efforts. “PFAS do not break down in the environment, so monitoring is an ongoing challenge,” he said.
“A portable screening tool could allow more frequent testing, particularly in regional and remote areas, and help identify where more detailed laboratory analysis is needed.”
La Trobe University said the biosensor is intended as a screening tool rather than a replacement for laboratory testing, with confirmatory analysis still required where PFAS are detected.
The researchers indicated they hope the technology could eventually be incorporated into a hand-held device for environmental monitoring and water screening, subject to further development and validation.
